If you’re considering a new roof or simply researching materials before a repair, you’ve probably asked yourself: What are asphalt shingles made of? or What exactly goes into the asphalt shingle manufacturing process? It’s a great question — because understanding the materials above your head can help you make smarter, longer-lasting roofing decisions.
Here at Ohio Roofing Solutions, we work with homeowners across the region every day, especially around Lancaster, helping them choose the best asphalt roofing materials for their homes. In this guide, we’ll walk you through how asphalt shingles are made, the components that make up their composition, and why all of this matters when it comes to protecting your home.
Why Understanding Asphalt Shingle Composition Matters
When your roof starts to show signs of age — maybe it’s curling shingles, leaks, or granules in your gutters — you’re forced into the world of roofing pretty quickly. That can be overwhelming.
You might wonder:
- Are all asphalt shingles the same?
- Will this shingle type hold up to Ohio’s stormy weather?
- Is it worth paying more for a premium or impact-resistant option?
By understanding the asphalt shingle composition and how they’re manufactured, you’ll be better equipped to answer these questions and feel confident in your roofing investment.
What Are Asphalt Shingles Made Of?
Let’s start with the basics.
The Core Layers
An asphalt shingle isn’t just a piece of tar paper with grit. It’s a layered, engineered product designed for strength, flexibility, and durability. Here’s what each typical shingle includes:
- Base Mat: This is the foundation of the shingle. It’s usually made from either organic materials (like cellulose or wood fibers) or fiberglass. Most modern shingles use fiberglass, which resists fire and moisture better.
- Asphalt Coating: This waterproof layer is saturated with refined asphalt. It’s what gives the shingle its flexibility and resistance to water infiltration.
- Mineral Granules: These ceramic-coated granules are embedded into the surface to provide UV protection, color, and fire resistance. They also add weight, which helps shingles stay in place during high winds.
The Asphalt Shingle Manufacturing Process: A Step-by-Step Look
Knowing how asphalt shingles are made can give you confidence in their reliability. It’s not just a matter of slapping materials together — the process is precise and highly engineered.
Step 1: Forming the Base Mat
Whether it’s a fiberglass or organic base, the mat is created and rolled into long sheets. Fiberglass mats are created by weaving glass fibers together and bonding them with resins to form a strong, flexible sheet.
Step 2: Saturating with Asphalt
Next, this mat is fed into a saturation chamber, where it’s coated in hot asphalt. This not only waterproofs the base but also creates the sticky surface needed to hold the granules.
Step 3: Applying Mineral Granules
The granules — made from crushed rock and coated in ceramic for color — are evenly distributed across the hot asphalt surface. This step is done with great care, as the granules provide both protection and appearance.
Step 4: Cooling and Cutting
After the granules are embedded, the shingles are cooled, often using water spray. Then, they’re cut into standardized sizes (like three-tab or architectural shingles) and stacked for packaging.
Step 5: Quality Control
Before being shipped, shingles are inspected for adhesion, color consistency, granule coverage, and thickness. Only the shingles that meet rigorous standards are packaged and sent out for installation.
Types of Asphalt Shingles: Material Matters
Not all shingles are created equal. Depending on your needs, location, and budget, you might choose from:
Three-Tab Shingles
The most traditional and cost-effective option. These are lightweight and have a uniform appearance.
Architectural (Dimensional) Shingles
Thicker, layered shingles that mimic the look of wood shakes. They’re more durable and last longer.
Premium (Luxury) Shingles
Made to resemble slate or cedar, these offer maximum durability and style. Great for higher-end homes or homeowners who plan to stay put for decades.
Impact-Resistant Shingles
Reinforced to withstand hail and wind. A smart investment in places like Lancaster where storms aren’t just a possibility — they’re a reality.
Asphalt Roofing Materials: What to Look For
If you’re selecting roofing materials, there are a few things to keep in mind beyond just appearance or price.
Durability
Look for shingles with higher wind and impact resistance ratings — especially if your area experiences frequent weather swings.
Warranty
Many top brands offer lifetime warranties (like those we install from Owens Corning, IKO, GAF, CertainTeed, and Malarkey). Always ask about both product and workmanship warranties.
Compatibility with Your Roof
Shingles come in different weights and thicknesses. Some may not be suitable for lower-pitch roofs or older structures.
How Ohio Roofing Solutions Helps Homeowners Choose the Right Shingle
At Ohio Roofing Solutions, we believe that choosing a roof shouldn’t feel like a guessing game. That’s why we offer:
- Free consultations and estimates
- In-depth explanation of the asphalt shingle manufacturing process
- Help navigating insurance claims for storm damage
- Expert recommendations on the best asphalt roofing materials for your home, budget, and climate
We’re a Directorii Certified contractor and have been proudly serving Ohio homeowners for over 12 years. Whether you’re facing storm damage or just replacing an aging roof, our team is committed to helping you choose the right materials and get the job done right the first time.
Why Shingle Quality Impacts Roof Longevity
Choosing a higher-quality shingle upfront can add years to your roof’s life — sometimes decades. In places like Lancaster, where wind, hail, and ice can take a toll, investing in impact-resistant or premium shingles can help avoid expensive repairs down the road.
Add to that a proper installation (with ice and water shields, proper flashing, and ventilation), and you’ve got a roof built to perform for the long haul.
Common Questions About Asphalt Shingles
How long do asphalt shingles last?
Standard shingles last 15–20 years, while premium options can exceed 30. Regular inspections and maintenance can help extend this lifespan.
Can shingles be recycled?
Yes — in many cases, asphalt shingles can be repurposed for pavement and other materials. Ask your contractor if recycling is an option during your replacement.
Are certain shingles better for energy efficiency?
Some shingles are designed to reflect more sunlight, helping reduce heat absorption. This can improve your home’s energy efficiency, especially in warmer months.
Ready to Choose the Right Roof? We’re Here to Help
Now that you know how asphalt shingles are made, what they’re composed of, and the materials involved, you’re in a much better position to make informed choices for your home.
Whether you’re interested in three-tab, architectural, or impact-resistant shingles, our team at Ohio Roofing Solutions can walk you through the process from start to finish — from selecting products to installation and post-job inspections.
Let’s talk about what’s right for your home. Contact us at (614) 656-2333 or email ohioroofingsolutions@gmail.com to schedule a free consultation or insurance inspection today.
